Ku Klux Klan

Ku Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan (KKK), 24 Aralık 1865 ABD'de Tennessee'de kurulan siyahi karşıtı ırkçı gizli örgüt. Kurucuları Büyük Büyücü olarak bilinen Nathan Bedford Forrest, Yüzbaşı John C. Lester, Binbaşı James R. Crowe, John D. Kennedy, Calvin Jones, Richard R. Reed, Frank O. McCord'dır. "Birth of a Nation" filmi ile kendilerini bildirmişlerdir.
Örgüte katılanlar arasında da, iç savaş öncesi kurulmuş olan "Knights of the Golden Circle" (Altın Çember Şövalyeleri) adlı gizli cemiyetin üyelerinin çokluğu dikkat çeker.

Ku Klux Klan (ENG)

The Ku Klux Klan (KKK), informally known as the Klan, is the name of three distinct past and present far-right organizations in the United States, which have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically expressed through terrorism. Since the mid-20th century, the KKK has also been anti-communist. The current manifestation is splintered into several chapters with no connections between each other; it is classified as a hate group by the Anti-Defamation League and the Southern Poverty Law Center.  It is estimated to have between 5,000 and 8,000 members as of 2012.

The first Klan flourished in the Southern United States in the late 1860s, then died out by the early 1870s. Members adopted white costumes: robes, masks, and conical hats, designed to be outlandish and terrifying, and to hide their identities. The second KKK flourished nationwide in the early and mid-1920s, and adopted the same costumes and code words as the first Klan, while introducing cross burnings. The third KKK emerged after World War II and was associated with opposing the Civil Rights Movement and progress among minorities. The second and third incarnations of the Ku Klux Klan made frequent reference to the USA's "Anglo-Saxon" blood, harking back to 19th-century nativism and claiming descent from the original 18th-century British colonial revolutionaries.